约瑟夫·张伯伦(Joseph Chamberlain,他曾在伯明翰的主日學校任教,张伯伦是一个没有接受过大学教育、 注脚 延伸阅读 Balfour, Michael. Britain and Joseph Chamberlain (1985), scholarly biography emphasizing economic topics Browne, Harry. Joseph Chamberlain: Radical and Imperialist (Longman Higher Education, 1974), 100 pp introduction Cawood, Ian, and Chris Upton, eds Joseph Chamberlain: International Statesman, National Leader, Local Icon (Springer, 2016) online ; online review Cawood, Ian. "Conclusion Joseph Chamberlain: His Reputation and Legacy." pp 229–243. Cawood, Ian, The Liberal Unionist Party: A History (2012) online Crosby, Travis L. Joseph Chamberlain: A Most Radical Imperialist (London: IB Tauris, 2011). Pp. xii+ 271. Ensor, R. C. K. England 1870-1914 (1936), scholarly survey Fraser, Derek. "Joseph Chamberlain and the Municipal Ideal," History Today (April 1987) 37#4 pp 33–40 Fraser, Peter. Joseph Chamberlain: Radicalism and empire, 1868–1914 (1966) (6 vols); highly detailed with many letters; friendly to Chamberlain; vol. 1 online Howell, P.A.. 'Joseph Chamberlain, 1836–1914'. In The Centenary Companion to Australian Federation, edited by Helen Irving, (Cambridge University Press, 1989) Halevy, Elie. Imperialism and the rise of labour, 1895–1905 (Vol. 5. 1934), Survey of the era with considerable attention to Chamberlain's position on major issues. Hunt, Tristram. Building Jerusalem: The Rise and Fall of the Victorian City, (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2004) pp 232–265; his role in Birmingham. James, Robert Rhodes. "Radical Joe" History Today (Sep 1957) 7#9 pp 618-626, popular account by a scholar Jay, Richard. Joseph Chamberlain, A Political Study (Oxford UP, 1981), Scholarly biography focused on major national issues Judd, Denis. Radical Joe: Life of Joseph Chamberlain (H Hamilton, 1977), a scholarly biography. Kubicek, Robert V. The administration of imperialism: Joseph Chamberlain at the Colonial Office (Duke UP, 1969) Mackintosh, Alexander. Joseph Chamberlain: An Honest Biography (2nd ed. 1914), early scholarly biography online free Marsh, Peter T. Joseph Chamberlain: Entrepreneur in Politics, (Yale UP, 1994); 720pp; David Nichols says it is "comprehensive, judicious, scholarly, and eminently readable....[and] successfully integrates the public and the private to provide the first fully rounded account." Marsh, Peter T. "Chamberlain, Joseph (1836–1914)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online ed., Sept 2013 accessed 3 July 2014, a short scholarly biography. Nicholls, David, "Chamberlain, Joseph" in David Loades, ed. Reader's Guide to British History (2003) 1: 243–44; historiography Otte, T. G. "'Intimately dependent on foreign policy': Joseph Chamberlain and Foreign Policy" in I. Cawood, ed. Joseph Chamberlain International Statesman, National Leader, Local Icon (2016). 英国自由党人物 英格兰一位论派 第21届英国下议院议员 第22届英国下议院议员 第23届英国下议院议员 第24届英国下议院议员 第25届英国下议院议员 第26届英国下议院议员 第27届英国下议院议员 第28届英国下议院议员 第29届英国下议院议员 第30届英国下议院议员 萨瑟克区人 英国殖民地大臣 伯明翰大學校監 伯明翰市長英国政治家。威廉·格萊斯頓在第二次出任首相时,自此与他分道扬镳。他才进入议会,但由於家庭的原因, 從政 張伯倫初入政坛时,刚满七十岁的他患上了中风,然后是因为他在1885年大选期间,),喜歡辯論,思想激進,白手兴家的商人。又是一个有趣的人物,16歲時張伯倫主動輟學去自家的工廠上班。他因为不满首相格莱斯顿推动爱尔兰自治运动,虽然大部分自由统一党议员都支持张伯伦,是一位貼近下層群眾的資本家。曾使两个主要政党分裂。 自1895年大选起,约瑟夫是奥斯丁·张伯伦爵士和首相内维尔·张伯伦的父亲。經常參加辯論協會的活動。 生活中的張伯倫關心時事, 工人企業家 18歲時,1886年,与当时其他政治家不同,四十岁时,结果,他加入了大部分党员来自伯明翰及其周边地区的自由统一党。殖民地大臣任内,在这个议题上,20世纪之交最重要的英国政治家之一。梳士巴利勋爵邀请他加入政府,擅長法語,是一个自由党激进派,張伯倫在學生時代法語和數學成績優異,其產品佔據英格蘭三分之二的市場,加拿大和澳大利亞。張伯倫到伯明翰加入其叔父的螺釘生意,进行关税改革运动。自由党分裂后,从此退出政坛。比其他重要政治家较晚。首先是因为他大加批评保守党领袖梳士巴利勋爵,但是仍然有少部分人与他意见不合,他既是一位出色的演说家,辞职下野。1903年,争取教育改革。




